Baltic German architect and art historian who was most active during the 1920s and known for his small-scale dwellings. His work was often seen as an example of the heimat style, art nouveau, and functionalism. He formulated the general plans for garden cities Meriv lja and N mme with Robert Natus. He was educated at Riga Technical University from 1902 until 1905 and at Techniche Hochschule Dresden from 1906 until 1908. He was employed by the private architecture bureau in Kiel from 1910 until 1912, then again from 1912 until 1914. He worked for the bureau in Tallinn from 1918 until 1944.
