75th Prime Minister of Iraq, member of the Islamic Dawa Party,and former Minister of Communications from 2003 to 2004 during the first government after the United States' invasion of Iraq and the reign of Saddam Hussein. He studied electrical engineering in Baghdad and later received a PhD in the same subject from the University of Manchester, England. He joined the Islamic Dawa Party in 1967 and became party leader in 1977 while studying in England. In the early 1980s his brothers, who were still in Baghdad, were arrested for belonging to the party and presumably to strike back at him. His passport was confiscated by the government on the grounds of conspiracy so he remained in voluntary exile until the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003.
