A German author, essayist, radio editor, and publisher, he was important in the post-World War II period for his musings on politics, morality, and free will. He is known for his 1960 novel, Die Rote, and for his 1974 work, Winterspelt. He became a leader in The Communist Party's youth division in 1930. As a result, he suffered a six-month-long imprisonment in the infamous Dachau concentration camp.